Influence of Mindfulness and Relaxation on Treatment of Essential Hypertension: Meta-Analysis.
Fushun Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Nan Jiang, Qiao Zhai, Juanjuan Hu, Jing Feng
Journal of healthcare engineering December 3, 2021 Retracted DOI: 10.1155/2021/2272469 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Meta-analysis Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 409 |
| Population | People with essential hypertension, drawn from five studies (204 intervention participants and 205 controls) |
| Interventions | Mindfulness Relaxation |
| Topics | Meditation |
| Keywords | Humans Essential hypertension |
| Key findings | Pooled across five studies, mindfulness and relaxation interventions showed no significant effect on diastolic blood pressure (mean difference 0.30 mmHg, 95% CI -0.81 to 1.42) or systolic blood pressure (mean difference -1.05 mmHg, 95% CI -3.29 to 1.18). The authors conclude that mindfulness and relaxation may have little influence on blood pressure in hypertension and note that publication bias may have affected the results to some degree. |
Abstract
Background: Some studies published previously have shown a strong correlation between hypertension and psychological nature including impulsion emotion or mindfulness and relaxation temperament, among which mindfulness and relaxation temperament might have a benign influence on blood pressure, ameliorating the hypertension. However, the conclusion was not confirmed.
Objective: The meta-analysis was performed to investigate the influence of mindfulness and relaxation on essential hypertension interventions and confirm the effects.
Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in common English and Chinese electronic databases (i.e., PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) from 1980 to 2020. A meta-analysis including 5 studies was performed using Rev Man 5.4.1 software to estimate the influence of mindfulness and relaxation on blood pressure, ameliorating the hypertension. Publication bias and heterogeneity of samples were tested using a funnel plot. Studies were analyzed using either a random-effect model or a fixed-effect model.
Results: All the 5 studies investigated the influence of mindfulness and relaxation on diastolic and systolic blood pressure, with total 205 participants in the control group and 204 in the intervention group. The random-effects model (REM) was used to calculate the pooled effect for mindfulness and relaxation on diastolic blood pressure (I 2 = 0%, t 2 = 0.000, P=0.41). The random pooled effect size (MD) was 0.30 (95% CI = -0.81-1.42, P=0.59). REM was used to calculate the pooled effect for mindfulness and relaxation on systolic blood pressure (I 2 = 49%, t 2 = 3.05, P=0.10). The random pooled effect size (MD) was -1.05 (95% CI = -3.29-1.18, P=0.36). The results of this meta-analysis were influenced by publication bias to some degree.
Conclusion: All the results showed less influence of mindfulness and relaxation might act on diastolic or systolic blood pressure, when mindfulness and relaxation are used to intervene in treating CVD and hypertension.
Comparable studies
Other systematic reviews and meta-analyses on meditation, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being Diverse adult clinical populations | 2014 | Meta-analysis | n = 3,515 |
| Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Stress Management in Healthy People: A Review and Meta-Analysis Healthy subjects | 2009 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | |
| The psychological effects of meditation: A meta-analysis. Nonclinical groups of adult meditators | 2012 | Meta-analysis | n = 163 |
| Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Prevention of Depressive Relapse Adults with recurrent depression in full or partial remission | 2016 | Meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized controlled trials | n = 1,258 |
| Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy – a systematic review of randomized controlled trials | 2011 | Systematic review |
Citations in the library
Cited by 2
- Designing a meditation module to affect etiological and preventive factors in primary hypertensive patients-A pilot study. Physiological reports February 1, 2025
- Assessing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Programs in Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Chronic Illness Patients International Journal of Public Health Excellence January 22, 2025
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- The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on cardiac patients' blood pressure, perceived stress, and anger: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH October 2016
and 3 more in the library