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Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Embodied Sense-of-Self Scale.

Andrea Patti, Gabriele Santarelli, Ottone Baccaredda Boy, Isotta Fascina, Arianna Ida Altomare, Andrea Ballerini, Valdo Ricca

Brain Sciences December 23, 2022 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010034 (opens in new tab)

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Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Cross-sectional validation study Peer reviewed
Sample size 269
Population Italian community sample
Measures Embodied Sense-of-Self Scale (ESSS), Perceptual Aberration Scale, Aberrant Salience Inventory, Italian Short Empathy Quotient scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Perceived Social Self-Efficacy Scale
Keywords Schizophrenia Psychosis Embodiment Self-disorder Sense-of-self
Key findings The Italian translation of the ESSS did not confirm the original three-factor structure; instead, three factors emerged (self-recognition, self-consistence, self-awareness). After removing six problematic items, the 19-item version showed higher internal consistency and was reliable, correlating positively with schizotypy and aberrant salience and negatively with empathy, generalized self-efficacy, and social self-efficacy. The authors conclude it is a suitable measure for assessing embodiment abnormalities in Italian samples.

Abstract

(1)

Background: The Embodied Sense-of-Self Scale (ESSS) is the only validated measure for self-assessing embodiment abnormalities, which differentiate people with anomalous embodied self-representations such as schizophrenic patients from controls. The aim of the current study was to translate the ESSS from English to Italian and to examine its factor structure, reliability, and validity in the Italian context. (2)

Methods: We tested the fit of the original three-factor structure (agency, ownership, and narrative identity) across a community sample (N = 269) and the reliability as well as the convergent and divergent validity of the ESSS. (3)

Results: The three-factor structure of the ESSS was confirmed. However, three different factors have emerged from our analysis (self-recognition, self-consistence, and self-awareness). Higher internal consistency of the ESSS was obtained by removing six items that seemed problematic. The three ESSS scales show highly intercorrelated constructs. The measure was reliable and positively correlated with schizotypy (via the Perceptual Aberration Scale) and aberrant salience (via the Aberrant Salience Inventory), and negatively correlated with empathy (via the Italian Short Empathy Quotient scale), generalized self-efficacy (via the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale), and social self-efficacy (via the Perceived Social Self-Efficacy Scale). (4)

Conclusions: The 19-item Italian version of the ESSS is a suitable measure with which to assess embodiment abnormalities in Italian samples.

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