Associations of conservatism/jumping to conclusions biases with aberrant salience and default mode network
Jun Miyata, Akihiko Sasamoto, Takahiro Ezaki, Masanori Isobe, Takanori Kochiyama, Naoki Masuda, Yasuo Mori, Yuki Sakai, Nobukatsu Sawamoto, Shisei Tei, Shiho Ubukata, Toshihiko Aso, Toshiya Murai, Hidehiko Takahashi
preprint DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.29.22280497 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Case-control neuroimaging study |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 70 |
| Population | 37 patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls |
| Measures | beads task (draws to decision), resting-state functional MRI, structural covariance network analysis, diffusion MRI |
| Topics | Default mode network |
| Key findings | No significant diagnosis-by-draws-to-decision interactions were found. Across participants, more draws to decision correlated with striatum-default mode network functional connectivity, a DMN-like structural covariance network, and a diffusion network linking them. In patients, striatum-DMN connectivity correlated negatively with delusion severity, which the authors interpret as greater anti-correlation accompanying stronger jumping to conclusions and delusion. |
Abstract
Abstract: Background and hypothesis: While the conservatism bias refers to the human need for more evidence for decision-making than rational thinking expects, people with schizophrenia and delusion require less evidence, known as the jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias. The midbrain-striatal aberrant salience of schizophrenia is postulated to form delusion; however, the association between conservatism/JTC and aberrant salience and their neural correlates are unclear. Study
Design: Thirty-seven patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls performed the beads task, with large/small numbers of bead draws to decision (DTD) used as an index of conservative/hasty (JTC) decisions, respectively. We performed meta-independent component analysis and thresholded dual regression of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and structural covariance network analysis (SCNA) of structural and diffusion MRI data. We investigated interactions between diagnosis and DTD, and main effects of DTD for each imaging modality. Study
Results: We found no significant interactions. We identified main effects of DTD (positive correlation) for: 1) functional connectivity between the striatum and default mode network (DMN), 2) DMN-like structural SCNA network, and 3) the diffusion SCNA network connecting networks of 1) and 2) (all p < 0.05, family-wise error [FWE] correction). The functional connectivity between the striatum and DMN was also negatively correlated with delusion severity in patients (p < 0.05, FWE), indicating that the greater the anti-correlation, the stronger the JTC and delusion.
Conclusions: Our results support a novel concept that conservatism/JTC biases are associated with aberrant salience of schizophrenia and the default brain mode.
Comparable studies
Other experimental studies on default mode network, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functional connectivity of default mode network components: Correlation, anticorrelation, and causality Healthy subjects | 2008 | Observational study using resting-state fMRI and seed correlation analysis | |
| Patterns of Brain Activity Supporting Autobiographical Memory, Prospection, and Theory of Mind, and Their Relationship to the Default Mode Network Healthy subjects | 2009 | Experimental study using fMRI | |
| Dynamic reconfiguration of the default mode network during narrative comprehension Human subjects | 2016 | Experimental study | |
| Broadband Cortical Desynchronization Underlies the Human Psychedelic State Healthy human participants | 2013 | Experimental study | |
| The brain on art: intense aesthetic experience activates the default mode network Human observers | 2012 | Observational study with fMRI and behavioral analysis |