EEG Brain Wave Dynamics: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis on Effect of Yoga on Mind Relaxation

Background: Yoga is an ancient Indian science and way of life that is prophylactic, promotive and curative leading to good health: physical, mental, emotional and spiritual. Yogic practices like asana, Pranayama, Dhyana and Meditation are extremely beneficial in maintaining sound health and well-being. In this study we reviewed, synthesized, and analyzed published reports on EEG and other changes in neuro-psychological functions associated with Yoga practice.

Methods: Published data till Jun 2020 on topics of Yoga, EEG analysis were included based on PRISM statement guidelines. The data characteristics defined by their objectives, study design, methodology, Yoga interventions, EEG power spectrum and outcomes of the study are presented in this review. The EEG data with mean ± SD was used for statistical analysis.

Results: The reviewed studies are heterogeneous and have used different yoga practices (Asana, Pranayama, Dhyana, and Meditation), brain region and brain wave for effect evaluation. Overall, there was increase in the α-EEG and δ-EEG power (μV2), but decrease in θ-EEG in many studies. The improvement in α-EEG power was significant at (p = 0.026).

Conclusion: EEG Brain wave analysis is one of the best ways to predict the neuro-cognitive benefits of Yoga practice. After yogic practices there was an increase in delta, alpha and gamma amplitude and duration indicating relaxation following yoga practice.