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The Earliest Shamanic Attributes from the Northern Angara River Region

Z. Marchenko, A. Grishin, Y. Garkusha

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology April 30, 2024 DOI: 10.55086/sp242175191 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Archaeological analysis Peer reviewed
Population Late Neolithic child burial at Ust-Zelinda-2, Ust-Ilimsk District, Irkutsk Region, Russia
Topics Shamanism
Key points The authors argue that artifacts from a Late Neolithic child burial, including a moose-antler paddle interpreted as a shamanic beater and moose teeth interpreted as tambourine pendants, indicate the child had special social status. They propose this is the earliest shamanic set in the Baikal Region, dating to the middle to second half of the fourth millennium BC.

Abstract

The paper analyzes artefacts from the Late Neolithic child burial of the Ust-Zelinda-2 site (Ust-Ilimsk District, Irkutsk Region, Russia). Some features of the burial practice (burial in a pit, secondary burial, manipulation with a skull, burial with an animal) and a rather diverse set of grave goods allow to consider the grave as a complex with traces of a non-typical handling of child’s remains. The central place in the complex was given to a paddle carved from moose antler. It was placed in the “belly” area of the buried. Technical-technological analysis, wear traces as well as ethnographic examples of Siberian ritual attributes allow to consider it as a shamanic beater. Analysis of the position of the moose teeth in the burial suggests, hypothetically, the existence of another shamanic item - a tambourine, where teeth played the role of sound pendants, as well as allows to reconstruct its shape and dimensions. A research of internal features of ethnographic tambourines suggested an evolution line of sound pendants in tambourines from animal teeth to metal items. A complex analysis of all data defined the buried child as a person with special social status and the set of grave goods as the child’s heritage. At present time, this set of shamanic attributes is the earliest one in the Baikal Region and dates to the middle — the second part of IV Millennium BC.