Associations Between Youth Marijuana and Alcohol Use, Neurocognitive Performance, and Triple-Network Resting-State Connectivity.
Sophia H. Blyth, Lauren D Hill, Anna Huang, Neil D Woodward, Baxter P Rogers, Simon N. Vandekar, Heather Burrell Ward
Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging August 2026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.12.014 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Observational cohort Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 4,197 |
| Population | Typically developing adolescents from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort |
| Topics | Cannabis Default mode network |
| Keywords | Adolescence Alcohol Executive control network Resting-state functional connectivity Salience network |
| Key findings | Higher marijuana use was associated with higher default mode-executive control network connectivity (F2,507 = 5.08, q = .039), while alcohol use was not associated with any connectivity measure after correction. Higher alcohol use was associated with better working memory, mental flexibility, attention, and executive efficiency and accuracy, which the authors suggest may be due to other socioeconomic factors. Marijuana use was not associated with neurocognitive performance. |
Abstract
Adolescent substance use is associated with increased risk of suicide, overdose, and executive dysfunction. Alcohol and marijuana are the two most-used substances among young people. Substance use is associated with dysfunctional resting-state network connectivity between the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN) and executive dysfunction. There is limited research on triple-network connectivity (DMN, ECN, SN) in adolescents who use substances. In typically developing youth from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC), regression models were used to examine relationships between alcohol and marijuana use and triple-network connectivity (n = 520), while adjusting for age, sex, maternal education, and head motion. In individuals with neurocognitive and substance use data (n = 4197), regression models were used to examine relationships with executive control. Alcohol use was not associated with any connectivity measures after false discovery rate correction. Higher marijuana use was associated with higher DMN-ECN connectivity (F2,507 = 5.08, p = .0066, q = .039). Higher alcohol use was associated with better working memory (p = .020), mental flexibility (p < .0001), attention (p = .019), and executive efficiency (p = .0015) and accuracy (p = .00044), which may have been due to other socioeconomic factors. Marijuana use was not associated with neurocognitive performance. In typically developing youth, marijuana use was associated with DMN-ECN connectivity, while alcohol use was associated with neurocognitive performance. Future research should use interventions targeting the DMN, ECN, and SN to interrogate relationships between connectivity, cognitive performance, and substance use.
Comparable studies
Other observational and cohort studies on cannabis, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-potency cannabis and the risk of psychosis People with first episode of psychosis and healthy controls from the local population | 2009 | Case-control study | n = 454 |
| Ayahuasca-Assisted Therapy for Addiction: Results from a Preliminary Observational Study in Canada Rural aboriginal population | 2013 | Observational study | |
| Impaired cognitive performance in drug free users of recreational ecstasy (MDMA) Otherwise healthy young people | 2000 | Observational | |
| Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study Individuals from the general population in Germany aged 14-24 at baseline | 2011 | Observational cohort | n = 1,923 |
| Cannabis-induced psychosis and subsequent schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: follow-up study of 535 incident cases Patients treated for cannabis-induced psychotic symptoms in Denmark between 1994 and... | 2005 | Observational cohort | n = 535 |
Citations in the library
Cites 7
- Associations between regular cannabis use and brain resting-state functional connectivity in adolescents and adults Journal of Psychopharmacology July 29, 2023
- Systematic review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies of cannabis use in adolescence and emerging adulthood: evidence from 90 studies and 9441 participants. Neuropsychopharmacology April 2022
- Cannabis effects on brain structure, function, and cognition: considerations for medical uses of cannabis and its derivatives The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse July 31, 2019
- Association of Cannabis With Cognitive Functioning in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis JAMA Psychiatry June 1, 2018
- Understanding marijuana's effects on functional connectivity of the default mode network in patients with schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis use disorder: A pilot investigation. Schizophrenia Research April 1, 2018
and 2 more in the library