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Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Reduces Illicit Substance Craving Among People with Alcohol Use Disorder and Polysubstance Use.

Laura Gurrieri, Margaret C Wardle, Eric L Garland

Substance Use & Misuse September 2, 2025 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2025.2525379 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Pilot randomized controlled trial Pilot study Peer reviewed
Sample size 50
Population Adults with alcohol use disorder who also used cocaine and/or cannabis
Intervention Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE)
Duration Ten sessions
Topics Addiction Cannabis Meditation
Keywords Humans Alcoholism Cocaine-related disorders Marijuana abuse Treatment outcome Psychotherapy, group Adult Middle aged Female Craving Cognitive behavioral therapy Polysubstance
Key findings Participants randomized to Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement reported significantly greater reductions in illicit substance craving across a cue-reactivity protocol from pre- to post-treatment compared with a supportive group psychotherapy control, though the effect did not significantly vary by cue condition. The authors suggest MORE may reduce illicit substance craving in patients with polysubstance use and alcohol use disorder and warrants full-scale randomized trials.

Abstract

Background: Polysubstance use is common in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and associated with poor treatment outcomes. Cannabis and cocaine often co-used with alcohol, have no approved medication treatments and respond poorly to common behavioral treatments. Thus, treatments that can reduce use of these substances alongside AUD are critically needed.

Objectives: We tested whether Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), an evidence-based group therapy approach combining mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral techniques, and savoring natural rewards could simultaneously reduce cravings for cannabis and/or cocaine. Given MORE's demonstrated efficacy for treating other addictive behaviors, we hypothesized it would reduce craving for cannabis and/or cocaine in people with AUD.

Methods: Participants (N = 50) were adults with AUD who also used cocaine and/or cannabis. Participants were randomly assigned to ten-sessions of either MORE or supportive group (SG) psychotherapy control condition, both targeting at AUD. Illicit substance craving was assessed before and after treatment during a cue reactivity protocol consisting of a resting baseline, 5-min stress imagery exposure, 5-min alcohol image exposure, and 5-min recovery period.

Results: Results revealed a significant Group-X Time interaction, F = 7.06, p=.008, indicating that patients randomized to MORE reported significantly greater reductions in illicit substance craving across the entire cue-reactivity protocol from pre- to post-treatment. However, the Group-X Time-X Condition interaction was nonsignificant (p=.61), indicating that the effect of MORE did not significantly vary by condition.

Conclusion: Results from this pilot study suggest that MORE may reduce illicit substance craving in patients with polysubstance use and AUD. MORE should be further evaluated in full-scale randomized clinical trials for cannabis and cocaine use disorder.

Comparable studies

Other randomized controlled trials on cannabis for addiction, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Psychedelic symptoms of cannabis and cocaine use as a function of trait impulsivity Regular drug users 2015 Three-way crossover study n = 122
The acute effects of cannabis, with and without cannabidiol, on attentional bias to cannabis related cues: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study Adolescents (aged 16–17) and adults (aged 26–29) who used cannabis 0.5–3 days per week 2024 Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study n = 48
Individual and combined effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on striato-cortical connectivity in the human brain Healthy adults 2020 Randomized controlled trial n = 40
Brief report: The influence of childhood trauma on the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in persons with opioid use disorder. Persons receiving methadone for opioid use disorder 2024 Post-hoc analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial n = 25
Value Signals Guiding Choices for Cannabis Versus Non-Drug Rewards in Regular Cannabis Users Near-daily cannabis users (≥4 days/week; non-treatment-seeking) 2023 Crossover experiment n = 21

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