Characteristics of subjects experiencing relaxation and relaxation-induced anxiety.
G R Norton, L Rhodes, J Hauch, E A Kaprowy
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry September 1985 DOI: 10.1016/0005-7916(85)90065-5 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Randomized controlled trial Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 38 |
| Population | Adults reporting anxiety 50% or more of the day |
| Interventions | Progressive muscle relaxation training meditational procedure |
| Measures | Tellegen and Atkinson absorption scale, Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire, anxiety lever, heart rate |
| Topics | Anxiety |
| Key findings | Psychological measures, including absorption scores and the cognitive component of the Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire, predicted 32% of heart-rate change and 42% of anxiety-lever change during a meditational procedure, and 49% of heart-rate change during progressive muscle relaxation; the anxiety-lever prediction for progressive muscle relaxation was not significant. A minority in each group showed increased heart rate during relaxation, and two meditational subjects also reported increased subjective tension. |
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the psychological characteristics of people who show a paradoxical increase in anxiety during relaxation training. Thirty-eight subjects who reported being anxious 50% or more of the day, were divided into two groups based on their scores on the Tellegen and Atkinson absorption scale. Half of each group was given progressive muscle relaxation training; the other half a meditational procedure. Separate regression analyses for each group showed that during meditational procedure 32% of the change in heart rate and 42% of the change in a subjective response measured by changes in the position of an "anxiety lever", could be predicted by the subjects' scores on the Tellegen absorption scale, the cognitive component of the state version of the Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire, and other psychological tests. Similarly, 49% of the heart rate changes during progressive muscle relaxation training were predicted by these and other measures. The multiple R for anxiety lever during progressive muscle relaxation training was not significant, however. Three of 18 meditational procedure subjects and two of 20 progressive muscle relaxation subjects showed increased heart rates during relaxation training. Two of the three meditational procedure subjects also showed an increase in subjective tension as measured by the anxiety lever.
Comparable studies
Other randomized controlled trials on anxiety, most cited first.
Citations in the library
Cited by 4
- Absorption and spiritual experience: A review of evidence and potential mechanisms. Consciousness and Cognition August 1, 2019
- Validation of the Chinese Version of Relaxation Sensitivity Index: A Tool for Predicting Treatment Effect in Mindfulness Interventions. Frontiers in Public Health December 20, 2021
- Meditation techniques v. relaxation therapies when treating anxiety: a meta-analytic review Psychological Medicine July 19, 2019
- Isometric squeeze relaxation (progressive relaxation) vs meditation: absorption and focusing as predictors of state effects. Perceptual and Motor Skills December 1, 1992