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From Buddhist Studies to Buddhist Theology: A Divinatory Reading of the Heart Sūtra

H. Shiu

Toronto Journal of Theology May 1, 2026 DOI: 10.3138/tjt-2025-0065 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Topics Buddhism
Key points Argues that Buddhist theology developed from early Christian-influenced readings into a distinct academic field, and proposes that interpreting the Heart Sūtra through Schleiermacher's divinatory method reveals its contemplative dimensions, which can be applied to contemporary life.

Abstract

This article traces the development of Buddhist theology as an academic discipline, from its early emergence in missionary and Orientalist readings of Buddhism through a Christian lens to its later systematic formation as a field that runs parallel to, yet remains distinct from, Buddhist studies. Through this exploration, the article examines Buddhist theology as a means of constructive engagement with Christian theology, using the example of interpreting the Mahāyāna Buddhist scripture, the Heart Sūtra, through Friedrich Schleiermacher's divinatory method. In doing so, it brings into focus the contemplative dimensions of the Heart Sūtra and demonstrates how these may be meaningfully applied in contemporary life.