The Concept of Fana and Baqa in the Poetry of Allama Iqbal
Noreen Akhtar, Dr. Fahmida Tabassum
Tashkeel June 30, 2026 DOI: 10.66457/tashkeel.v4i1.64 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Key points | Argues that Iqbal's Fana and Baqa affirm the self rather than negate it, with Baqa as the perfection of the self and eternal life achieved through righteous deeds; death is a transitional stage in the self's evolution. |
Abstract
Allama Iqbal’s concept of Fana and Baqa is a central element of his philosophy of Khudi, rooted in Islamic mysticism yet presented in a dynamic and practical form. For Iqbal, Fana does not dignify the negation of the self but its affirmation, while Baqa represents the perfection of the self and the attainment of eternal life. Iqbal views life after death as a continuation of existence rather than its end. He considers death a transitional stage in the evolutionary journey of the self. The survival or destruction of the self depends upon human actions, as righteous deeds lead to eternal life. In a materialistic age, Iqbal’s philosophy offers humanity hope, purpose, and a call to continuous struggle and action.