From male caduco to altered consciousness: two Medici recipes through the lens of modern consciousness science.

Study at a glance

Characteristics	Historical analysis Peer reviewed
Population	Two Medici recipes
Topics	Altered states of consciousness
Key points	Argues that two Medici recipes, one for 'male caduco' and another for altered consciousness, likely contained psychoactive ingredients that could induce altered states, and proposes that modern consciousness science offers a valuable lens for interpreting these historical formulations.

Other theoretical and historical papers on altered states of consciousness, most cited first.

Study	Year	Design
Altered States of Consciousness	1966	Theoretical or philosophical paper
Functional neuroanatomy of altered states of consciousness: The transient hypofrontality hypothesis	2003	Theoretical or philosophical paper
The Psychedelic Mystical Experience in the Human Encounter with Death	1969	Theoretical or philosophical paper
A neurophenomenological approach to non-ordinary states of consciousness: hypnosis, meditation, and psychedelics	2022	Theoretical or philosophical paper
Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation	2003	Theoretical or philosophical paper