Design, validation, and feasibility of an mindfulness-based Islamic spiritual therapy module for married women with infertility

Abstract

Despite growing evidence supporting mindfulness-based interventions, limited attention has been given to the systematic development of modules integrating Islamic spiritual principles for women experiencing infertility. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the content validity and feasibility of a Mindfulness-Based Islamic Spiritual (MBIS) module for married women with infertility. A research and development approach using the ADDIE framework was employed. The module comprised eight structured sessions integrating mindfulness with Islamic spiritual practices through tasawur, mushahada, tafakkur, and muhasabah. This study systematically developed, validated, and pilot-tested an Islamic spirituality–integrated mindfulness module tailored to Muslim women experiencing infertility. Content validity was assessed using Aiken's V and inter-rater reliability using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Feasibility was examined through a pilot study involving five participants. The module demonstrated excellent content validity (Aiken's V = 0.96–1.00) and good inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.727). Participants showed good comprehension, engagement, and positive responses. The findings provide a validated, culturally responsive intervention framework and practical guidance for clinicians delivering psychological support to Muslim women experiencing infertility. Future studies should examine the module's effectiveness in larger and more diverse samples.