From neurons to consciousness: The physiological foundations of mental life

Abstract

This paper examines the physiological foundations of mental life through an analysis of the structure and function of the nervous system, with particular emphasis on the role of neurons, brain structures, and neurochemical processes in the emergence of psychological functions. The aim of the paper is to present, based on relevant theoretical and empirical findings, how biological processes constitute the basis of psychological phenomena such as perception, emotions, memory, and consciousness. Using the method of theoretical analysis and synthesis of contemporary scientific literature, the paper highlights the inseparable relationship between physiological mechanisms and psychological functioning. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of mental processes and emphasize their importance for psychological theory and practice.