Breathe-well grounded theory: Self-discovery and personal growth in knowledge workers through well-being practices.
Cristina Martinez Montes, Birgit Penzenstadler
Acta Psychologica May 1, 2026 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106736 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Qualitative study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 43 |
| Population | Knowledge workers |
| Intervention | Breathwork |
| Topics | Depression |
| Keywords | Burnout Knowledge workers Resilience Stress Well-being |
| Key findings | Breathwork interventions have a positive impact on the well-being of knowledge workers. |
Abstract
Knowledge workers often face high stress due to deadlines and overcommitment, which negatively impacts their well-being. They have specific characteristics and challenges, such as a tendency to work in isolation or in intense team environments, sleep deprivation, and making decisions under pressure. To support preventive measures, this study provides a comprehensive, systematic understanding of the factors contributing to the well-being of knowledge workers in light of a specific intervention. We designed, implemented and evaluated a programme using breathwork to reduce stress, improve well-being and foster resilience. We conducted 43 semi-structured interviews and analysed them via Constructive Grounded Theory. We propose the Breathe-well Grounded Theory with key concepts, principles, elements, dimensions, and interconnections that shape the lives and work experiences of knowledge workers, particularly in light of the applied breathwork intervention. We discuss our results in relation to well-known general theories on well-being. We conclude that breathwork interventions have a positive impact on the well-being of knowledge workers. We offer theoretical, research and practical implications that help knowledge workers improve their general well-being.
Comparable studies
Other qualitative studies on depression, most cited first.
Citations in the library
Cites 6
- Mindfulness: Theoretical Foundations and Evidence for its Salutary Effects Psychological Inquiry October 19, 2007
- Contemplating Mindfulness at Work Journal of Management November 19, 2015
- Breathwork and holistic wellbeing: A protocol for a scoping review. PLoS One 2025
- ADDING LEMON JUICE TO POISON – RAISING CRITICAL QUESTIONS ABOUT THE OXYMORONIC NATURE OF MINDFULNESS IN EDUCATION AND ITS FUTURE DIRECTION British Journal of Educational Studies February 16, 2019
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Workplace Mindfulness Training Randomized Controlled Trials Journal of Occupational Health Psychology February 1, 2019
and 1 more in the library