Parasomnias I

Abstract

Abstract Nightmare disorder is a rapid-eye-movement (REM) parasomnia provoking disturbing oneiric activity and significant distress. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic criteria and definition of this sleep disorder. The authors reviewed findings on neural correlates of nightmares, also examining the changes over the life span. They describe the most common comorbid psychiatric conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, suicidality, anxious state, and personality disorders. Also, the effectiveness of the different therapeutic strategies to treat this parasomnia is discussed. Finally, they propose a reflection on the potential functional role of nightmares. Based on the view that nightmares may represent a reliable index of individuals’ well-being, the authors believe that this field of research deserves further investigation, concluding with suggestions for future studies.