Psychedelics for the Treatment of Substance Use Disorder

Substance use disorder is a chronic condition affecting millions worldwide, with current treatments like methadone carrying risks of dependency and overdose. Psychedelics such as psilocybin and ibogaine are being explored as potential treatments, possibly working through neuroplasticity, altered brain connectivity, and psychological experiences that support behavioral change. This chapter reviews mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future prospects for using psychedelics in substance use disorder treatment.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing mental health condition characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences. According to the World Health Organization, in 2021, approximately 39.5 million individuals worldwide suffered from drug use disorders, contributing to an estimated 600,000 deaths annually. Moreover, current pharmacological treatment, such as methadone and buprenorphine, used for opioid use disorder, may pose risks of dependency, overdose, and withdrawal, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Psychedelics, including psilocybin and ibogaine, have gained renewed scientific interest for their therapeutic potential in treating various mental health conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Building on these findings, researchers are exploring their potential in SUD treatment, particularly in facilitating recovery and long-term behavioral change. These compounds may facilitate therapeutic outcomes through mechanisms involving neuroplasticity, altered brain connectivity, and profound psychological experiences that support behavioral modification and emotional resilience. Beyond reducing substance use, psychedelics may enhance psychosocial functioning and overall mental health. This chapter will review their underlying mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future prospects in the treatment of SUD.