Induction of lucid dreams: a systematic review of evidence.
Tadas Stumbrys, Daniel Erlacher, Melanie Schädlich, Michael Schredl
Consciousness and Cognition September 1, 2012 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.07.003 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Systematic review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Topics | Lucid dreaming |
| Key findings | None of the induction techniques were verified to induce lucid dreams reliably and consistently, although some appear promising. |
Abstract
In lucid dreams the dreamer is aware of dreaming and often able to influence the ongoing dream content. Lucid dreaming is a learnable skill and a variety of techniques is suggested for lucid dreaming induction. This systematic review evaluated the evidence for the effectiveness of induction techniques. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in biomedical databases and specific resources. Thirty-five studies were included in the analysis (11 sleep laboratory and 24 field studies), of which 26 employed cognitive techniques, 11 external stimulation and one drug application. The methodological quality of the included studies was relatively low. None of the induction techniques were verified to induce lucid dreams reliably and consistently, although some of them look promising. On the basis of the reviewed studies, a taxonomy of lucid dream induction methods is presented. Several methodological issues are discussed and further directions for future studies are proposed.