Alefela Predictive Consciousness Theory: Personality and Social Cognition (Part II)

The self is not a fixed entity but a functional position in imaginal space that different subjects can occupy sequentially. Personality is the self in context, and intrapersonal conflict arises when one is stuck choosing which subject's perspective to forecast from. Projection is necessary for understanding others because their internal states are inaccessible; models of others are built through structural similarity with one's own experience. Identification means reassigning the self to another subject, switching the forecasting system entirely, which explains self-sacrifice, empathy, and Stockholm Syndrome. Alienation is disidentification where the current self is perceived as an outsider. Anthropomorphization treats inanimate things as subjects, creating invisible entities like spirits. The theory generates four falsifiable predictions and is grounded in systematic self-observation from 2012 to 2025.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Part II extends the basic Observation–Forecast–Motivator–Reaction cycle (Part I) to the phenomena of personality and social cognition, specifying the ontology of the “Self” as a functional position in imaginal space. Existing theories of multiple "Selves" (Internal Family Systems, Dialogical Self Theory) and Theory of Mind (Goldman, 2006) do not provide an explicit ontological specification of the "Self": IFS conceptualizes the psyche in terms of internal "parts," Goldman presupposes a persistent self and requires a quarantine mechanism to prevent interference between pretend and actual beliefs. Metzinger (2003) defines the "Self" as a phenomenal model (an illusion), but does not propose a mechanism for the multiplicity of agent positions. Alefela postulates that the “Self” is a functional position (office) in imaginal space, sequentially occupied by different subjects — spatially localized mental models of oneself or others. A shift of subject means that observation and forecasting begin to be carried out from that subject’s perspective. The “Self” is not a substrate; parallel agent positions are not assumed. Personality = the subject “Self” in context. Intrapersonal conflict is a state of being stuck in choosing the subject “Self” (personality) from whose perspective forecasting is carried out. Informational asymmetry (epistemic inaccessibility of another’s internal states) makes projection a necessary mechanism of Theory of Mind: models of others are constructed through structural similarity with one’s own experience. Consequence: the “Self” and projections of others are ontologically identical (a shared experiential repository). Projections possess hyper-knowledgeability — the goals and forecasts of a projection are formed with regard to the goals and forecasts of others (including the subject “Self”), implicitly providing access to others’ internal states. Consequence: the emergence of a false experience that others are aware of the individual’s hidden flaws or secrets. Identification — reassignment of the “Self” (the functional position) to another subject “Self” (personality) or to a projection of another person, with a complete switching of the forecasting system to that subject (rather than Goldman’s quarantine mechanism). It explains self-sacrifice (threat to a child → identification with the child → the child’s forecasts dominate over one’s own), empathy, and Stockholm Syndrome. Identification is accompanied by disidentification from the previous subject “Self.” Alienation is a subtype of disidentification in which the current subject “Self” comes to be perceived as an outsider. Anthropomorphization. Inanimate items and phenomena that are structurally similar to human behavior are modeled as subjects in imaginal space through the mechanism of projection. Alienation of subjects “Self” and anthropomorphization of the environment create invisible entities—subjects without a visual form, endowed with will and goals (spirits, demons). This provides a basis for paranoia and mystical experience. The theory generates four falsifiable predictions: (1) discrete changes in emotion following identification with another, (2) instantaneous cascade resolution of intrapersonal conflicts by making conscious the forecasts of the subject "Self" at the beginning of a chain reaction, (3) reduction of symptom intensity through identification with an anthropomorphized projection of the symptom, and (4) automatic identification with a structurally similar participant in an observed conflict. These predictions distinguish Alefela from IFS and simulation-based theories of Theory of Mind. The theory is grounded in systematic phenomenological self-observation (2012–2025, n = 1). Independent empirical validation is required. Keywords: predictive consciousness, multiplicity of self, functional position, internal conflicts, projection, Theory of Mind, identification, disidentification, predictive processing Part I of the series introduces the Observation–Forecast–Motivator–Reaction (OFMR) framework. The present manuscript extends this framework to personality and social cognition.