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The subsystem mechanism of default mode network underlying rumination: A reproducible neuroimaging study

Xiao Chen, Ning-Xuan Chen, Yang-Qian Shen, Hui-Xian Li, Le Li, Bin Lu, Zhi-Chen Zhu, Zhen Fan, Chaogan Yan

Neuroimage July 22, 2020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117185 (opens in new tab)

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Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Experimental study with within-subjects design Peer reviewed
Population Healthy participants
Topics Default mode network
Key findings During rumination, functional connectivity within the DMN generally decreased, with increased connectivity between core and MTL subsystems and decreased connectivity between core and DMPFC subsystems, compared to distraction.

Abstract

Rumination is a repetitive self-referential thinking style that is often interpreted as an expression of abnormalities of the default mode network (DMN) observed during "resting-state" in major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent evidence has demonstrated that the DMN is not unitary but can be further divided into 3 functionally heterogenous subsystems, although the subsystem mechanistically underlying rumination remains unclear. Due to the unconstrained and indirect correlational nature of previous resting-state fMRI studies on rumination's network underpinnings, a paradigm allowing direct investigation of network interactions during active rumination is needed. Here, with a modified continuous state-like paradigm, we induced healthy participants to ruminate or imagine objective scenarios (distraction, as a control condition) on 3 different MRI scanners. We compared functional connectivities (FC) of the DMN and its 3 subsystems between rumination and distraction states. Results yielded a highly reproducible and dissociated pattern. During rumination, within-DMN FC was generally decreased as compared to the distraction state. At the subsystem level, we found increased FC between the core and medial temporal lobe (MTL) subsystem as well as decreased FC between the core and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) subsystem and within the MTL subsystem. Finally, subjects' behavioral measures of rumination and brooding were negatively correlated with FC between the core and DMPFC subsystems. These results suggest active rumination involves enhanced constraint by the core subsystem on the MTL subsystem and decreased coupling between the core and DMPFC subsystem, allowing for more information exchange among those involved DMN components. Furthermore, the reproducibility of our findings provides a rigorous evaluation of their validity and significance.

Comparable studies

Other experimental studies on default mode network, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Functional connectivity of default mode network components: Correlation, anticorrelation, and causality Healthy subjects 2008 Observational study using resting-state fMRI and seed correlation analysis
Patterns of Brain Activity Supporting Autobiographical Memory, Prospection, and Theory of Mind, and Their Relationship to the Default Mode Network Healthy subjects 2009 Experimental study using fMRI
Dynamic reconfiguration of the default mode network during narrative comprehension Human subjects 2016 Experimental study
Broadband Cortical Desynchronization Underlies the Human Psychedelic State Healthy human participants 2013 Experimental study
The brain on art: intense aesthetic experience activates the default mode network Human observers 2012 Observational study with fMRI and behavioral analysis

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