Enhancing Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in a Virtual Reality: A Prospective Interventional Study.
Bogoan Kim, Dayoung Jeong, Yoonseon Choi, Yoonyoung Choi, Hyungsook Kim, Kyungsik Han
Scientific Reports September 9, 2025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-01359-7 (opens in new tab) via PubMed
Summary
AI-generated from the abstractA three-session Virtual Reality Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (VR-MBCT) program was developed and tested for feasibility in 73 participants. High concentration levels, distinct emotional responses, and unique interaction patterns were observed in individuals with depression. Survey data showed no significant differences between depressed and non-depressed groups in VR usability or presence, but sensor data revealed higher entropy in electrodermal activity for the depressed group, suggesting better emotional confrontation. The study highlighted the user-friendly and immersive aspects of VR-MBCT and its potential applicability for depression.
Study at a glance
| Characteristics | Feasibility study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 73 |
| Population | Individuals with depression and individuals without depression |
| Duration | Three-session program |
| Key finding | VR-MBCT showed feasibility and potential applicability for individuals with depression, with sensor data indicating higher entropy in electrodermal activity for the depressed group. |
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of depression has highlighted Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as an effective treatment. However, conventional MBCT has several limitations, including barriers to access, the need for trained professionals, and inconsistent levels of participant engagement. The feasibility of using Virtual Reality (VR) for MBCT has emerged as a promising solution, but further research is needed to assess its therapeutic potential. This study examines the potential of VR-based treatment as an approach for individuals with depression. We developed and evaluated introductory mindfulness exercises and a three-session VR-MBCT program and conducted a feasibility study. Using the Meta Quest Pro and the E4 wristband, we collected data from 73 participants and analyzed feasibility, engagement, and behavioral patterns. Results showed high concentration levels, distinct emotional responses, and unique interaction patterns in individuals with depression. While survey data showed no significant differences between individuals with depression and individuals without depression in terms of the usability and presence of VR, sensor data showed higher entropy in electrodermal activity for individuals with depression, suggesting better emotional confrontation. Overall, our study highlighted the user-friendly and immersive aspects of VR-MBCT and its feasibility and potential applicability for individuals with depression.