"Robo-tripping": dextromethorphan abuse and its anesthetic implications.
Kelly A Linn, Micah T Long, Paul S Pagel
Anesthesiology and pain medicine December 1, 2014 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.20990 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Case study Case report Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 1 |
| Population | 30-year-old man with a history of dextromethorphan abuse scheduled for elective septorhinoplasty |
| Duration | Six years of daily consumption, 48-hour abstinence before surgery |
| Topics | Addiction |
| Keywords | Dextromethorphan Dissociative anesthesia Nmda receptor antagonists Sigma opioid receptor Substance abuse |
| Key findings | A patient who chronically abused high doses of dextromethorphan could undergo elective surgery without major withdrawal symptoms after a 48-hour abstinence period, but anesthesiologists must be aware of the drug's NMDA receptor antagonist effects. |
Abstract
We describe a patient scheduled for elective surgery who regularly consumed approximately 12 to 15 times the maximum recommended daily dose of dextromethorphan. We describe the clinical pharmacology of dextromethorphan and discuss its anesthetic implications. A 30-year-old man with a history of a nasal fracture was scheduled to undergo an elective septorhinoplasty. He reported daily consumption of large quantities (1440 to 1800 mg) of dextromethorphan for six years. He was previously treated for dextromethorphan dependency on several occasions with urine dextromethorphan levels exceeding 2000 ng/mL. He described marked dissociative effects when abusing the drug, but had abstained from use for 48 hours before his elective surgery. Considering that dextromethorphan has a relatively short half-life and that the patient did not suffer major withdrawal symptoms after voluntarily discontinuing the drug, the authors proceeded with the case while recognizing that the drug has significant neuropsychiatric and sympathetic nervous system stimulant effects resulting from its actions as a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. Anesthesiologists need to be aware of dextromethorphan's clinical pharmacology because recreational abuse of the drug has become increasingly common in adolescents and young adults.
Comparable studies
Other case reports and case series on addiction, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ecstasy (MDMA) dependence Individuals meeting criteria for MDMA dependence | 1999 | Case series | n = 3 |
| Potential Human Neurotoxicity of MDMA (‘Ecstasy’): Subjective Self-Reports, Evidence from an Italian Drug Addiction Centre and Clinical Case Studies Polydrug consumers attending a Public Health Addiction Treatment Unit in Italy | 2000 | Review and clinical case series | |
| A case report SPECT study and theoretical rationale for the sequential administration of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT in the treatment of alcohol use disorder. 31-year-old male military veteran with moderate alcohol use disorder | 2018 | Case study | n = 1 |
| LSD Overdoses: Three Case Reports Three individuals who experienced accidental LSD overdose | 2020 | Case series | n = 3 |
| Remission of Severe Opioid Use Disorder with Ibogaine: A Case Report. 37-year-old female with severe opioid use disorder | 2016 | Case study | n = 1 |
Citations in the library
Cited by 2
- New/emerging psychoactive substances and associated psychopathological consequences Psychological Medicine July 22, 2019
- The Association Between Dextromethorphan/Bupropion with Alcohol and Substance Misuse: Reports to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) CNS Spectrums October 1, 2024
Cites 5
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- Dextromethorphan abuse: clinical effects and management. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2009
- Dextromethorphan psychosis, dependence and physical withdrawal. Addiction Biology December 1, 2005
- Adolescent Abuse of Dextromethorphan Clinical Pediatrics September 1, 2005
- Induction of phencyclidine-like behavior in rats by dextrorphan but not dextromethorphan. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior October 1991