Queer healing in altered states: A critical interpretive synthesis of psychedelic therapy in queer and non-binary individuals

Abstract

As psychedelic-assisted therapies gain prominence, queer and non-binary individuals remain largely marginalized within this emerging field. This Critical Interpretive Synthesis (CIS) reviews 44 empirical studies (2014–2024) to explore how queer experiences are represented and erased in psychedelic research. Guided by queer theory, intersectionality, and post-psychiatry frameworks, the synthesis reveals a dominant biomedical paradigm, 36.7% of studies where clinical trials often lack disaggregated data on gender-diverse participants or fail to recruit them adequately due to structural barriers or oversight. In contrast, qualitative studies (32.7%) emphasized identity affirmation, somatic healing, and community care. Yet, only 10.2% of research meaningfully addressed intersecting oppressions. Three core themes emerged: clinical exclusion and epistemic violence, embodied healing through altered states, and grassroots queer psychedelic practices. The findings call for queer-affirming, intersectional, and decolonial methodologies that center lived experience and politicized healing. Reimagining psychedelic science through justice-based lenses is vital to ensuring these therapies serve as pathways to collective liberation rather than reinforce systemic marginalization.