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Toward Criteria for Artificial Self-Consciousness: Unity, Normativity, and Agency

B. Scot Rousse

Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series May 18, 2026 DOI: 10.1609/aaaiss.v8i1.42563 (opens in new tab)

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AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Keywords Conflation Consciousness Agency philosophy Experiential learning Subject documents Moral agency Argument complex analysis Epistemology Reflective equilibrium Conscience Reflective practice
Key points Argues that pre-reflective experiential awareness and reflective self-consciousness are distinct forms of consciousness, and that their distinction clarifies ethical questions about artificial consciousness and may pressure inherited moral categories.

Abstract

This paper distinguishes two forms of consciousness that are often conflated in debates about artificial intelligence: pre-reflective experiential awareness and reflective self-consciousness. Drawing on phenomenology, Kant, and con-temporary philosophy of mind, it argues that pre-reflective awareness involves the minimal self-involvement characteristic of phenomenal experience, while reflective self-consciousness involves a unified standpoint from which a subject can form commitments about how things are, evaluate them under norms of truth and value, and revise them in light of reasons. The paper analyzes reflective self-consciousness in terms of agency, normativity, and unity, articulating a structure of epistemic answerability that includes commitment formation, persistence across time, conflict detection, and re-vision in response to error. Distinguishing these two forms of self-involvement clarifies the ethical landscape of artificial consciousness and suggests that emerging artificial systems may pressure the inherited moral categories through which moral standing has traditionally been understood.