Psychedelics, Transformative Experience, and Modality An Analysis of Valid and Substantially Informed Consent in Psychedelic-assisted Therapy
David Zheng
Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology August 1, 2025 DOI: 10.1353/ppp.0.a967327 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Intervention | Psychedelic-assisted therapy |
| Topics | Psychedelic-assisted therapy |
| Key points | Argues that substantially informed consent for psychedelic-assisted therapy is not possible due to a failure to meet the materiality conditions necessary for informed consent. |
Abstract
Paul’s concepts of “Transformative Experiences” (TE) has sparked extensive discussion on multiple epistemological and ethical issues within philosophy. In particular, Paul’s work has inspired significant work on the possibility of informed consent with regard to medical interventions that may induce said TEs. One such intervention, namely Psychedelic-assisted Therapy (PAT), has been discussed at length in the psychiatric ethics literature and has posed a unique challenge to widely accepted notions of autonomy and informed consent. In the following article, I describe in detail Paul’s concept of TEs and make clear why PAT deserves to be viewed as a special kind of TE due to its distinctive ineffability. I then distinguish between two different philosophical and legal versions of informed consent, including “valid consent” and “substantially informed consent” and show that whether one can provide “valid consent” for PAT depends on whether TEs are causally necessary for PAT’s therapeutic effects. I argue that regardless of this causal question, “substantially informed consent” with regard to PAT is not possible due to a failure to meet the conditions of materiality necessary for informed consent.
Comparable studies
Other theoretical and historical papers on psychedelic-assisted therapy, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Theorizing that Psychedelic Assisted Therapy May Play a Role in the Treatment of Trauma-Induced Personality Disorders. | 2024 | Theoretical or philosophical paper | |
| Learning to Let Go: A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of How Psychedelic Therapy Promotes Acceptance | 2020 | Theoretical or philosophical paper | |
| Awe: a putative mechanism underlying the effects of classic psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy | 2018 | Theoretical or philosophical paper | |
| Ethical and legal issues in psychedelic harm reduction and integration therapy | 2021 | Theoretical or philosophical paper | |
| Towards psychedelic apprenticeship: Developing a gentle touch for the mediation and validation of psychedelic-induced insights and revelations. | 2022 | Theoretical or philosophical paper |