Effects of ayahuasca and its alkaloids on substance use disorders: an updated (2016-2020) systematic review of preclinical and human studies.
Lucas Silva Rodrigues, Giordano Novak Rossi, Juliana Mendes Rocha, Flávia L. Osório, José Carlos Bouso, Jaime E Cecílio Hallak, Rafael G. Dos Santos
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience June 1, 2022 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01267-7 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Systematic review Randomized Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 9 |
| Population | Rodents and humans (healthy ritual ayahuasca users and patients with substance use disorders) |
| Intervention | Ayahuasca |
| Topics | Ayahuasca DMT Addiction |
| Keywords | Hallucinogens Harmaline Harmine Psychedelics Substance use disorders |
| Citations | 48 |
| Key findings | Ayahuasca and its alkaloids have therapeutic effects in the treatment of substance use disorders, but randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings. |
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic/psychedelic traditionally used for ritual and therapeutic purposes. One such therapeutic use is related to Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). A previous systematic review of preclinical and human studies published until 2016 suggested that ayahuasca and its alkaloids have therapeutic effects in the treatment of SUDs. To conduct an update of this previous review. A systematic review of quantitative studies which analyzed the effects of ayahuasca and its alkaloids on drug use (primary outcome) and other measures (secondary outcomes) related to SUDs was conducted, including articles from 2016 to 2020. Nine studies (four preclinical, five observational) were included in the review. Preclinical studies in rodents reported reductions in amphetamine self-administration and anxiety, and in alcohol- and methylphenidate-induced conditioned place preference. Observational studies among healthy ritual ayahuasca users and patients with SUDs reported reductions in drug use, anxiety, and depression, and increases in quality of life and well-being. We replicated the findings of the previous review suggesting that ayahuasca and its alkaloids have therapeutic effects in the treatment of SUDs. However, translation of preclinical data to humans is limited, observational studies do not allow us to infer causality, and there is a lack of standardization on ayahuasca doses. Although promising, randomized, controlled trials are needed to better elucidate these results. The PROSPERO ID for this study is CRD42020192046.
Comparable studies
Other systematic reviews and meta-analyses on ayahuasca for addiction, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effects of Ayahuasca and its Alkaloids on Drug Dependence: A Systematic Literature Review of Quantitative Studies in Animals and Humans | 2016 | Systematic review | |
| Psychedelic Treatments for Substance Use Disorder and Substance Misuse: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review Adults with substance use disorder or substance misuse | 2023 | Systematic review | |
| [Efficacy of psychedelics in psychiatry, a systematic review of the literature]. Patients with psychiatric conditions (anxiety, depression, major depressive disorder,... | 2021 | Systematic review | n = 25 |
| The current state of ayahuasca research in animal models: A systematic review. Rodents, primates, and zebrafish | 2023 | Systematic review | n = 32 |
| The therapeutic effects of psychedelics for opioid use disorder: A systematic review of clinical studies. | 2025 | Systematic review |
Citations in the library
Cited by 40
- Adverse effects of ayahuasca: Results from the Global Ayahuasca Survey. PLOS global public health 2022
- The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Current Neuropharmacology January 5, 2024
- Changes in mental health, wellbeing and personality following ayahuasca consumption: Results of a naturalistic longitudinal study. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022
- Are “mystical experiences” essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics? European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience February 27, 2024
- Ayahuasca's therapeutic potential: What we know - and what not. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2023
and 35 more in the library
Cites 52
- Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial Journal of Psychopharmacology November 30, 2016
- Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial Journal of Psychopharmacology November 30, 2016
- Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. The Lancet Psychiatry May 17, 2016
- Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder JAMA Psychiatry November 4, 2020
- Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: A proof-of-concept study Journal of Psychopharmacology January 13, 2015
and 47 more in the library