Endogenous Tryptamines as Bioenergetic Regulators of the Binding Problem: The VESTA Framework

Abstract

Despite decades of research into the structural constraints of the Binding Problem there remains an elephant in the room, the sheer caloric impossibility of sustained 80 Hz oscillations. We continue to rely on the Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle (ANLS) as a catch-all explanation, but the kinetic constraints simply do not support the temporal resolution required for real time binding (Dienel, 2017). Basal oxidative phosphorylation and glucose diffusion cannot keep pace with these localized energy spikes (Kann et al., 2011). We chose the name VESTA or Voltage-independent Endogenous Sigma-1 Tryptamine Activation to reflect the hearth like role of the mitochondria in maintaining neuronal integrity because endogenous N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) functions as the bioenergetic regulator for these metabolic shifts. We propose the VESTA framework. By targeting the Sigma-1 Receptor (Sig-1R) at the Mitochondria-Associated Membrane (MAM), DMT facilitates a rapid calcium dependent disinhibition of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, providing the ATP surplus necessary for high frequency binding. We propose that this metabolic surge acts as a regulatory system that maintains the structural integrity of the physiological glue that binds disparate sensory inputs into a singular reality. The VESTA mechanism bypasses slower glial energy systems to prevent metabolic collapse during high speed firing which offers a bioenergetic account of both the “ego” as a metabolic baseline and the terminal coherence observed in the dying brain. This framework provides a physical substrate for the exclusion postulate of Integrated Information Theory 4.0 by identifying the metabolic conditions required for phenomenal unity (Albantakis et al., 2023).