Psychotomimetic effects of PCP, LSD, and Ecstasy: pharmacological models of schizophrenia?
Vibeke S. Catts, Stanley V. Catts
Cambridge University Press eBooks February 4, 2010 DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511789977.011 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Topics | MDMA LSD |
| Keywords | Psychotomimetic Hallucinogen Schizophrenia object-oriented programming Phencyclidine Pharmacology |
| Citations | 12 |
| Key findings | PCP induces psychotic disorder beyond acute intoxication, but LSD and MDMA do not clearly induce psychotic disorder or schizophrenia in individuals without premorbid vulnerability. |
Abstract
Facts box Phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine, D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 3, 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) have been variously referred to as schizophrenomimetics, psychotogens, or psychotomimetics. There have been many reports that these drugs can induce psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, formal thought disorder, or catatonia-like abnormalities) in the absence of delirium. here is abundant evidence that PCP induces psychotic disorder beyond the acute symptoms of intoxication. There is no clear evidence that either LSD or MDMA induces psychotic disorder, let alone schizophrenia, in individuals who did not have vulnerability to schizophrenia premorbidly. PCP and ketamine are noncompetitive antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor that bind at the intrachannel site of the receptor to prevent calcium ion flux into the cell. LSD is a serotonin-like hallucinogenic indoleamine that acts as an agonist at the serotonin-subtype-2A (5HT2A) receptor, and MDMA is an indirect serotonin agonist. Rodent and primate models induced by PCP and analogues have been presented as models of human schizophrenia, with construct validity, showing homologous behavior, cognitive deficits, alterations in regional brain activation, and underlying neuronal dysfunction, to PCP-induced psychotomimetic effects in healthy volunteers and patients with schizophrenia. Ketamine is considered to be a safe and valid model of PCP psychosis and applicable to preclinical human studies. More translational science is needed to relate animal findings to humans and vice versa. In this chapter, the potential role of glutamatergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is examined from the perspective of the psychotomimetic effects of i) phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine, noncompetitive antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor that bind at the intrachannel site of the receptor to prevent calciumion flux into the cell; ii) D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a serotonin-like hallucinogenic indoleamine that acts as an agonist at the serotonin-subtype-2A (5HT2A) receptor; and iii) 3, 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), an indirect serotonin agonist.
Comparable studies
Other narrative reviews on LSD, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study of a New Schizophrenomimetic Drug—Sernyl | 1959 | Review | |
| Classic psychedelics: An integrative review of epidemiology, therapeutics, mystical experience, and brain network function. General population | 2019 | Integrative review | |
| The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review | 2008 | Review | |
| Serotonin research: contributions to understanding psychoses | 2008 | Review | |
| ADVERSE REACTIONS TO PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE | 1984 | Review |
Citations in the library
Cites 70
- Subanesthetic Effects of the Noncompetitive NMDA Antagonist, Ketamine, in Humans Archives of General Psychiatry March 1, 1994
- Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia American Journal of Psychiatry October 1, 1991
- Activation of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission by Ketamine: A Novel Step in the Pathway from NMDA Receptor Blockade to Dopaminergic and Cognitive Disruptions Associated with the Prefrontal Cortex Journal of Neuroscience April 15, 1997
- Reversal of Phencyclidine Effects by a Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonist in Rats Science August 28, 1998
- Study of a New Schizophrenomimetic Drug—Sernyl Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry March 1, 1959
and 65 more in the library