Metabolism of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): an update
Rui Filipe Libânio Osório Marta
Drug Metabolism Reviews July 3, 2019 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1638931 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Topics | LSD |
| Keywords | Metabolite Hallucinogen Pharmacology Metabolism Pharmacokinetics |
| Citations | 52 |
| Key findings | LSD is rapidly and extensively metabolized into inactive metabolites, with 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD as the major human metabolite important for toxicological detection. |
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is the most potent hallucinogen known and its pharmacological effect results from stimulation of central serotonin receptors (5-HT2). Since LSD is seen as physiologically safe compound with low toxicity, its use in therapeutics has been renewed during the last few years. This review aims to discuss LSD metabolism, by presenting all metabolites as well as clinical and toxicological relevance. LSD is rapidly and extensively metabolized into inactive metabolites; whose detection window is higher than parent compound. The metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD is the major human metabolite, which detection and quantification is important for clinical and forensic toxicology. Indeed, information about LSD pharmacokinetics in humans is limited and for this reason, more research studies are needed.
Comparable studies
Other narrative reviews on LSD, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study of a New Schizophrenomimetic Drug—Sernyl | 1959 | Review | |
| Classic psychedelics: An integrative review of epidemiology, therapeutics, mystical experience, and brain network function. General population | 2019 | Integrative review | |
| The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review | 2008 | Review | |
| Serotonin research: contributions to understanding psychoses | 2008 | Review | |
| ADVERSE REACTIONS TO PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE | 1984 | Review |
Citations in the library
Cited by 26
- Classic serotonergic psychedelics for mood and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of mood disorder patients and healthy participants Psychopharmacology January 11, 2021
- Trends in LSD use among US adults: 2015-2018. Drug and Alcohol Dependence May 15, 2020
- Classic Psychedelic Coadministration with Lithium, but Not Lamotrigine, is Associated with Seizures: An Analysis of Online Psychedelic Experience Reports Pharmacopsychiatry August 4, 2021
- The Bright Side of Psychedelics: Latest Advances and Challenges in Neuropharmacology International Journal of Molecular Sciences January 10, 2023
- Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans Molecules April 22, 2021
and 21 more in the library
Cites 33
- Safety and Efficacy of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide-Assisted Psychotherapy for Anxiety Associated With Life-threatening Diseases The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease March 4, 2014
- The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics November 11, 2008
- Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Subjects Biological Psychiatry November 29, 2014
- Receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive tryptamines compared with classic hallucinogens. European Neuropsychopharmacology May 20, 2016
- The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act Neuropharmacology June 5, 2018
and 28 more in the library