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The Potential Role of Serotonergic Hallucinogens in Depression Treatment

Dominika Psiuk, Emilia Nowak, Krystian Cholewa, Urszula Łopuszańska, Marzena Samardakiewicz

Life July 29, 2021 DOI: 10.3390/life11080765 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Systematic review Peer reviewed
Interventions psilocybin MDMA DMT LSD
Topics Anxiety Psilocybin Serotonin Depression
Keywords Hallucinogen Depression economics Escitalopram Adverse effect Depressive symptoms Clinical psychology Psychotherapist Pharmacology Antidepressant Cognition
Citations 13
Key findings Psilocybin and other psychedelics reduce depressive symptoms, with psilocybin showing comparable efficacy to escitalopram and no serious adverse events reported.

Abstract

Due to an increasing number of depression diagnoses and limited effective treatments, researchers continue to explore novel therapeutic strategies for this disorder. Recently, interest has revolved around the use of serotonergic psychedelics to reduce the symptoms of depression. In this systematic review, we summarize the currently available knowledge on the safety and efficacy of psychedelic substances for the treatment of depression. A literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database identified 14 clinical trials from the last 10 years that examined the use of psilocybin, MDMA, DMT, or LSD for the treatment of depression symptoms. Some psychedelics, especially psilocybin, demonstrated an ability to reduce depressive symptoms as measured by several psychological scales, which was often sustained for months after the last psychedelic session. Moreover, one study revealed that psilocybin has comparable efficacy to escitalopram in the treatment of depression. None of the studies reported any serious adverse events associated with psychedelic administration. The reviewed studies suggest that psychedelics have great potential in depression therapy and, after addressing and overcoming the current study limitations, may be used as a novel method of treating depression in the future.

Comparable studies

Other systematic reviews and meta-analyses on psilocybin for anxiety, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Therapeutic effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics: A systematic review of modern‐era clinical studies Patients with cancer- or illness-related anxiety and depression, major depressive... 2020 Systematic review n = 188
Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): a systematic review of clinical trials published in the last 25 years Patients from included clinical trials 2016 Systematic review
The experimental effects of psilocybin on symptoms of anxiety and depression: A meta-analysis People with elevated symptoms of anxiety and depression 2020 Meta-analysis n = 117
Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: a systematic review of systematic reviews Patients with mood, anxiety, or substance-use disorders, including cancer patients and... 2018 Systematic review of systematic reviews
A Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy 2020 Systematic review

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