Cost-effectiveness of Transcendental Meditation (TM) for treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Erik J Groessl, Thomas Rutledge
PLoS One 2025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316995 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a randomized controlled trial Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 203 |
| Population | Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
| Interventions | Transcendental Meditation Prolonged Exposure PTSD health education |
| Duration | 12-week intervention, 5-year time horizon for cost-effectiveness analysis |
| Topics | Meditation PTSD |
| Citations | 1 |
| Key findings | Transcendental Meditation was the dominant treatment strategy over Prolonged Exposure and health education, improving health outcomes and reducing total costs. |
Abstract
A recent trial found that Transcendental Meditation (TM) was an effective non-trauma focused treatment for veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The objective of this analysis was to examine the cost-effectiveness of TM for PTSD based on the trial results. Between 2013-2017, 203 veterans with PTSD were randomized to either TM, Prolonged Exposure (PE), or to a PTSD health education (HE) control. Each group received 12 treatment sessions over 12 weeks. Results indicated that TM was non-inferior to PE for improving PTSD outcomes and both TM and PE were superior to HE, as hypothesized. The proportion of participants with a clinically significant improvement on the CAPS (≥10 point reduction) were TM = 61%, PE = 42%, and HE = 32%. A Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of TM, using the trial effectiveness data. Intervention costs, health care costs, and health utility values associated with response and non-response were derived from scientific literature. Costs were viewed from an organizational perspective and a 5-year time horizon (20 3-month cycles). One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. TM was the dominant treatment strategy over both PE and HE in the cost-effectiveness analysis. TM cost an estimated $1504/12 sessions while PE and HE cost $2,822 and $492, respectively. The higher health care costs associated with non-response to therapy offset intervention cost differences. Findings were robust to variability. In summary, using data from a recent RCT, TM was found to both improve health outcomes and reduce total costs in this analysis. Based on these results, further effectiveness trials and wider adoption of TM should be considered.
Comparable studies
Other randomized controlled trials on PTSD, most cited first.
Citations in the library
Cites 12
- Effect of Transcendental Meditation on Employee Stress, Depression, and Burnout: A Randomized Controlled Study The Permanente Journal January 30, 2014
- Updated cost-effectiveness of MDMA-assisted therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: Findings from a phase 3 trial PLoS One February 25, 2022
- The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention 3 for PTSD symptoms in patients with PTSD：A meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials. Stress and Health March 6, 2022
- Non-trauma-focused meditation versus exposure therapy in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry December 1, 2018
- Effect of meditation on psychological distress and brain functioning: A randomized controlled study Brain and Cognition August 1, 2018
and 7 more in the library