ABSTRACT: Aims: Ketamine‑induced cystitis (KIC) is a severe complication of chronic ketamine misuse, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Established rodent models have demonstrated variable changes in voiding behavior and bladder histology, without exploring the sensory mechanisms underlying altered voiding and pain at all. This study aimed to establish a murine model of...
Ketamine, a versatile anesthetic, has seen increased recreational use, leading to significant health issues, including ketamine-induced uropathy (KIU). KIU manifests with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and can involve the upper urinary tract. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of KIU, addressing its pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options; and to...