This article explores the mechanisms underlying visual consciousness using the predictive coding (PC) theory as a framework. PC theory posits that the brain is a hierarchical hypothesis-testing system that actively constructs visual perceptions, often referred to as "controlled hallucinations," by continuously comparing top-down predictions with bottom-up sensory inputs to generate and minimize...
With the deepening of globalization, the number of international students has grown significantly. In unfamiliar environments, these students face challenges such as academic pressure and cross-cultural adaptation, which often lead to feelings of loneliness. In severe cases, loneliness can negatively impact their mental health and daily lives. As a psychological intervention, mindfulness-based...