The use of mantra chanting has been an integral component of spiritual and contemplative traditions for centuries and has increasingly attracted scientific interest due to its potential effects on psychological well-being and cognitive functioning. Among these sacred texts, the Vishnu Sahasranama—a collection of one thousand names of Lord Vishnu—is widely recited for spiritual growth, mental...
This paper examines the relationship between objective reality and human cognition, aiming to develop a unified philosophical framework that integrates perception, language, belief, emotion, and consciousness. It begins by addressing the epistemological problem of how truth can be distinguished from subjective interpretation, arguing that perception—while indispensable—is inherently unreliable...