Therapeutic Delivery

High-precision piezo-ejection ocular microdosing: Phase II study on local and systemic effects of topical phenylephrine

Therapeutic Delivery 2018

AIM: Conventional eyedropper-delivered volumes (25-50 µl) exceed the eye's usual tear-film volume (7 µl) and precorneal reservoir capacity, risking overflow and ocular/systemic complications. Piezoelectric high-precision microdosing may circumvent these limitations. Results & methodology: In this masked, nonrandomized, cross-over study, subjects (n = 12) underwent pupil dilation with topical...