In a study of male rats, maternal deprivation did not induce depressive-like behavior, and a single dose of ketamine, esketamine, or arketamine did not alter depressive-like behavior, anhedonic-like behavior, or locomotor activity. Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels also remained unchanged across all groups. The findings suggest that neither the maternal deprivation model nor the ketamine enantiomers produced measurable antidepressant-like effects in this experimental setup.
The paper argues that consciousness is a cognitive function sustained by optimal neural network activity and is central to the development of Theory of Mind and Metacognition. A bibliographic review was conducted to analyze existing scientific knowledge on these relationships, with a brief discussion of approaches through Artificial Intelligence. The authors contend that consciousness serves as the foundation for perceiving and understanding existence, thereby influencing social and cognitive development. No empirical data or specific findings are reported.