In the contemporary world, artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved like a transformative force, constantly influencing human existence beyond social, cultural, and economic realms in everyday life. John McCarthy first used the term 'Artificial Intelligence' in 1956; since then AI poses profound philosophical questions regarding ethics, awareness, and the nature of intelligence beyond its...
Large language models produce first-person expressions, simulate hesitation, and generate apparently self-referential judgments. These behaviors have reopened philosophical debates about machine selfhood, yet existing positions share an unexamined assumption: that genuine selfhood requires a persistent, unified substantial subject. This paper names that assumption substantial-self priority and...
This paper employs Hume’s bundle theory of perception, the primacy of embodied impressions, and the centrality of passions to examine the ontological status of artificial intelligence. It argues that AI merely simulates the functional form of Humean perceptual association, yet lacks the embodied experience and passions that constitute genuine human subjectivity. This ontological boundary...