OBJECTIVES: Ecstasy is commonly abused due to entactogenic effects. Although our previous studies on isolated perfused rat model confirmed inhibition of CYP2D6 by MDMA, the time for enzyme recovery was different when mirtazapine and tramadol were used as substrates. Therefore, present study intended to investigate CYP2D6 inhibition by MDMA using dextromethorphan as a well-known probe. Two...
AbstractBackground:Tramadol is prone to be abused alone, or in combination with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy). It was reported that 95% of people with a history of substance abuse in the United States used tramadol in 2004. According to the WHO report in 2016, there was a growing number of tramadol abusers alone or in combination with psychoactive substances such as MDMA in...