Psilocybin modulates 5-HT2A serotonin receptors and reorganizes brain networks involved in emotional processing and self-regulation. Initial neuropsychological tests indicate that psilocybin facilitates a positive bias in emotional processing. The evidence suggests that psilocybin not only has antidepressant effects but also promotes greater psychological adaptation by modifying brain connectivity. Combining psilocybin with psychotherapy could enhance changes in psychological flexibility and emotional regulation. Psilocybin shows relevant therapeutic potential for managing depression, but further research into its long-term effects and integration into conventional treatments is needed.
Psilocybin, a tryptamine alkaloid found in Psilocybe mushrooms, binds to serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, activating metabotropic responses and inducing neuroplasticity. This narrative review of preclinical and clinical studies from 2010 to 2024 shows that psilocybin administration produces functional and structural brain changes, including neurogenesis and deactivation of dominant brain circuits that perpetuate cognitive rigidity, leading to improvements in depression and anxiety scales. Proposals also suggest potential utility in neurodegenerative disorders. Preclinical findings reveal neurotrophin gene expression and sustained synaptic remodeling; functional neuroimaging shows changes correlated with clinical improvements in patients with resistant affective disorders. Continued rigorous research is essential to establish standardized clinical protocols for safe and effective use.