Background: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) represents a major clinical challenge, being associated with high morbidity, increased suicide risk, and substantial socioeconomic burden. The need for rapidly acting interventions has driven the development of rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs), such as ketamine, esketamine, and scopolamine. This study aimed to systematically review the...
Common cognitive impairment in the elderly may be aggravated by the anesthetic propofol, whereas the mammalian target of rapamycin protein (mTOR)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway and autophagy regulation play a key role in neuroprotection. In this study, we investigated whether esketamine can improve propofol-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats by affecting these...