Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
March 29, 2012
Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Judith M. Ford
1,485 citations
The default mode network (DMN), a set of brain regions more active at rest than during demanding tasks, shows abnormal hyperactivation and hyperconnectivity in schizophrenia and depression. In schizophrenia, this may contribute to excessive self-reference and problems with attention and working memory. In depression, DMN hyperactivity may underlie negative rumination. Greater DMN suppression in healthy brains is linked to better performance on attention-focused tasks. The review considers these findings in relation to the DMN's psychological functions and its alteration across various neuropsychiatric disorders.
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
December 11, 2018
Joseph Wielgosz, Simon B. Goldberg, Tammi R. A. Kral et al.
441 citations
Mindfulness meditation is increasingly used in mental health interventions and has influenced basic research on psychopathology. This review examines mindfulness meditation through clinical neuroscience, linking its core capacities to cognitive and affective constructs from the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria. Effective applications are noted for depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and substance abuse, with emerging work on attention disorders, traumatic stress, dysregulated eating, and serious mental illness. Priorities for future research include identifying mechanisms, refining methods, and improving implementation. Mindfulness meditation shows promise for interventions, especially for psychiatric comorbidity, and its successes and challenges offer lessons for integrating contemplative traditions with clinical science.
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
February 9, 2021
L. Riggs, T. Gould
87 citations
Traditional antidepressants can take weeks to work and often fail for many patients. In contrast, a single low dose of ketamine can relieve depression symptoms within hours, even in people who have not responded to other treatments. Ketamine is thought to repair damaged neural circuits by boosting glutamate signaling and promoting the release of neurotrophic factors that strengthen synaptic connections. This review covers the history of antidepressant development leading up to the ketamine discovery, critically evaluates proposed mechanisms for ketamine's rapid effects, and discusses how these insights are guiding current drug discovery.
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
February 28, 2022
S. Lynn, Craig P. Polizzi, H. Merckelbach et al.
Dissociation and dissociative disorders are better understood as failures of normally adaptive mental systems rather than as products of either the posttraumatic or sociocognitive models alone. A broader transdiagnostic and transtheoretical perspective considers interacting factors such as sleep disturbances, impaired self-regulation, hyperassociation, and deficits in reality testing and metacognition. The authors present an overview of the field, delineate points of convergence across competing models, and summarize key multivariable studies supporting their framework. They identify empirical pathways for future research, including studies of highly adverse events, to advance understanding of dissociation.