Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
May 14, 2025
Letícia Birk, Bruno Pereira Dos Santos, Sarah Eller et al.
3 citations
The detection of new psychoactive substances in postmortem blood is of primary importance for the investigation of related deaths. A method using cork as a biosorbent in a solid-phase microextraction with LC-MS/MS analysis was developed and validated for the determination of synthetic cathinones and related substances in blood. The sample preparation method employed 200 µL of sample and 30 mg...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
April 1, 2024
Kelly E. Dunham, B Jill Venton
Depression is a common mental illness. However, its current treatments, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and micro-dosing ketamine, are extremely variable between patients and not well understood. Three neurotransmitters: serotonin, histamine, and glutamate, have been proposed to be key mediators of depression. This review focuses on analytical methods to quantify these...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
July 1, 2023
Evan Lesne, Miguel Muñoz-Bartual, Francesc A Esteve-Turrillas
14 citations
A fast and simple procedure based on microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of 28 synthetic hallucinogens in oral fluids, including lysergic acid diethylamide and substances from NBOMe, NBOH, NBF, 2C, and substituted amphetamine categories. Extraction conditions such as type of...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
July 1, 2023
Flávia S Zandonadi, Alex Ap Rosini Silva, Aline A S Melo et al.
9 citations
Emerging insights from metabolomic-based studies of major depression disorder (MDD) are mainly related to biochemical processes such as energy or oxidative stress, in addition to neurotransmission linked to specific metabolite intermediates. Hub metabolites represent nodes in the biochemical network playing a critical role in integrating the information flow in cells between metabolism and...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
July 19, 2019
Lea Wagmann, Lilian H. J. Richter, Tobias Kehl et al.
The market of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is characterized by a high turnover and thus provides several challenges for analytical toxicology. The analysis of urine samples often requires detailed knowledge about metabolism given that parent compounds either may be present only in small amounts or may not even be excreted. Hence, knowledge of the metabolism of NPS is a prerequisite for the...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
February 1, 2017
Julian A Michely, Simon D. Brandt, Markus R Meyer et al.
23 citations
Derivatives of N,N-diallyltryptamine (DALT) can be classified as new psychoactive substances. Biotransformation and detectability of 5-fluoro-DALT (5-F-DALT), 7-methyl-DALT (7-Me-DALT), and 5,6-methylenedioxy-DALT (5,6-MD-DALT) are described here. Their metabolites detected in rat urine and pooled human liver microsomes were identified by liquid chromatography (LC)-high resolution (HR)-tandem...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
November 1, 2016
Pierre M Geyer, Matthew C Hulme, Joseph P B Irving et al.
The prevalence of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) in forensic casework has increased prominently in recent years. This has given rise to significant legal and analytical challenges in the identification of these substances. The requirement for validated, robust and rapid testing methodologies for these compounds is obvious. This study details the analysis of 13 synthesised diphenidine...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
March 1, 2016
Alberto Salomone, Giulia Gazzilli, Daniele Di Corcia et al.
The detection of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in hair proved to provide insight into their current diffusion among the population and the social characteristics of these synthetic drugs' users. Therefore, a UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed in order to determine 31 stimulant and psychedelic substituted phenethylamines, and dissociative drugs in hair samples. The method proved to be simple,...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
December 11, 2015
Kateřina Hájková, Bronislav Jurásek, David Sýkora et al.
26 citations
A new designer drug, a dissociative anesthetic, and a putative N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, methoxetamine (MXE) noted by the EU Early Warning System has been already identified as a cause of several fatalities worldwide. The primary objective of this work was to develop a suitable sample preparation method allowing for isolation of MXE and its main metabolites in high yields from...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
October 1, 2015
Julian A Michely, Andreas G. Helfer, Simon D. Brandt et al.
49 citations
N,N-Diallyltryptamine (DALT) and 5-methoxy-DALT (5-MeO-DALT) are synthetic tryptamine derivatives commonly referred to as so-called new psychoactive substances (NPS). They have psychoactive effects that may be similar to those of other tryptamine derivatives. The objectives of this work were to study the metabolic fate and detectability, in urine, of DALT and 5-MeO-DALT. For metabolism studies,...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
June 24, 2015
Achim T. Caspar, Andreas G. Helfer, Julian A Michely et al.
69 citations
25I-NBOMe, a new psychoactive substance, is a potent 5-HT2A receptor agonist with strong hallucinogenic potential. Recently, it was involved in several fatal and non-fatal intoxication cases. The aim of the present work was to study its phase I and II metabolism and its detectability in urine screening approaches. After application of 25I-NBOMe to male Wistar rats, urine was collected over 24...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
2015
Carina S. D. Wink, Markus R Meyer, Tina Braun et al.
13 citations
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine (2C-P) is a hallucinogenic designer drug of the phenethylamine class, the so-called 2Cs, named according to the ethyl spacer between the nitrogen and the aromatic ring. The aims of the present work were to identify the phases I and II metabolites of 2C-P. In addition, the detectability of 2C-P and its metabolites in urine as proof of an intake in clinical or...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
2014
Markus R Meyer, Achim T. Caspar, Simon D. Brandt et al.
39 citations
The first synthetic tryptamines have entered the designer drug market in the late 1990s and were distributed as psychedelic recreational drugs. In the meantime, several analogs have been brought onto the market indicating a growing interest in this drug class. So far, only scarce analytical data were available on the detectability of tryptamines in human biosamples. Therefore, the aim of the...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
June 18, 2013
M. Meyer, M. Bach, Jéssica Welter et al.
Methoxetamine (MXE; 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(N-ethylamino)-cyclohexanone), a ketamine analog, is a new designer drug and synthesized for its longer lasting and favorable pharmacological effects over ketamine. The aims of the presented study were to identify the phases I and II metabolites of MXE in rat and human urine by GC-MS and LC-high-resolution (HR)-MS(n) and to evaluate their detectability...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
2013
Emuri Abe, Florian Ricard, François Darrouzain et al.
Methoxetamine is a new ketamine derivative designer drug which has recently become available via the Internet marketed as "legal ketamine". It is a new dissociative recreational drug, acting as an NMDA receptor antagonist and dopamine reuptake inhibitor. The objective of this study was to develop on-line automated sample preparation using a TurboFlow device coupled with liquid chromatography...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
2012
Melissa A Bodnar Willard, Victoria L Mcguffin, Ruth Waddell Smith
15 citations
Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic herb that is internationally regulated. In this study, salvinorin A, the active compound in S. divinorum, was extracted from S. divinorum plant leaves using a 5-min extraction with dichloromethane. Four additional Salvia species (Salvia officinalis, Salvia guaranitica, Salvia splendens, and Salvia nemorosa) were extracted using this procedure, and all...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
2012
Melissa A Bodnar Willard, Victoria L Mcguffin, Ruth Waddell Smith
5 citations
Salvia divinorum is a plant material that is of forensic interest due to the hallucinogenic nature of the active ingredient, salvinorin A. In this study, S. divinorum was extracted and spiked onto four different plant materials (S. divinorum, Salvia officinalis, Cannabis sativa, and Nicotiana tabacum) to simulate an adulterated sample that might be encountered in a forensic laboratory. The...
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
April 1, 2010
Ariane Wohlfarth, Wolfgang Weinmann, Sebastian Dresen
128 citations
Since the late 1990s and early 2000s, derivatives of well-known designer drugs as well as new psychoactive compounds have been sold on the illicit drug market and have led to intoxications and fatalities. The LC-MS/MS screening method presented covers 31 new designer drugs as well as cathinone, methcathinone, phencyclidine, and ketamine which were included to complete the screening spectrum....