Tusi, also known as pink cocaine, is a psychoactive mixture that emerged in Colombia around 2010 and has since spread globally, with notable prevalence in Spain. Despite being mischaracterized as a 2C-class phenethylamine product, it typically contains ketamine, MDMA, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and sometimes cocaine or opioids. In Australia, 133 kg of pink cocaine were seized in 2024, with ketamine purity ranging from 6.8% to 51.3% and MDMA from 15.8% to 33.2%. In the US, the DEA has seized 960 samples since 2020, of which only four contained 2C-B. This critical review details Tusi's composition, health risks, detection methods, and proposes wastewater analysis as a monitoring strategy.
Detecting LSD in biological samples is difficult because the drug is taken in very small amounts, breaks down quickly in the body, and resembles other similar compounds. This review examined published analytical methods from 1978 to 2025 for measuring LSD and its metabolites in blood, urine, hair, oral fluid, and vitreous humor. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the most sensitive and widely validated technique, but there are inconsistencies in how methods are validated for different sample types and in how they account for sample degradation. Few studies meet modern forensic validation standards, which limits the reliability of results in legal cases. The review identifies a need for standardized, rapid, and environmentally friendly methods that can detect LSD and its analogs at extremely low levels.