Indians of the Amazon-especially of the northwest Amazon -and of adjacent parts of the Orinoco have employed various species of the myristicaceous genus Virola for many years as the bases of hallucinogenic preparations.A resin-like liquid of the inner bark of the trees is elaborated into an intoxicating snuff and is prepared in pellets for oral consumption; it is even on occasion ingested raw...
More than 200 species and/or varieties of higher plants, as well as numerous species of basidiomycetes, are reported in the literature to have been used for their hallucinatory and/or euphoriant effects.Due to a paucity of research, only a few of these have been confirmed as definitely hallucinogenic in man or animals.This article reviews all of those plants now known to have a scientific basis...
(1979). Evolution of the Identification of the Major South American Narcotic Plants. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 11, Innovative Approached to Drug Abuse Treatment, pp. 119-134.