Addiction Biology
September 28, 2011
Jennifer Do, Susan Schenk
37 citations
ABSTRACT 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use and abuse have been increasing worldwide. Of concern, exposure to high doses of MDMA decreases several markers of serotonin (5HT) neurotransmission and produces deficits in tissue levels of 5HT. Studies in laboratory animals have been conducted primarily following large doses (20.0–80.0 mg/kg) of experimenter‐administered MDMA, but it is...
Addiction Biology
November 11, 2010
Jillian H. Broadbear, Brendan J. Tunstall, Katherine Beringer
38 citations
ABSTRACT 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘ecstasy’) use results in distinctive mood changes of a prosocial nature, most likely through its enhancement of serotonin (5HT) neurotransmission. Activation of 5HT‐1A postsynaptic receptors has been shown to stimulate the release of oxytocin in the central nervous system where it regulates aspects of mood and behavior. Using a drug...
Addiction Biology
October 1, 2010
Sebastien Carnicella, Dao‐yao He, Quinn V Yowell et al.
49 citations
Ibogaine is a naturally occurring alkaloid that has been reported to decrease various adverse phenotypes associated with exposure to drugs of abuse and alcohol in human and rodent models. Unfortunately, ibogaine cannot be used as a medication to treat addiction because of severe side effects. Previously, we reported that the desirable actions of ibogaine to reduce self-administration of, and...
Addiction Biology
October 1, 2010
Vicente Hernández‐rabaza, Graciela Navarro‐mora, Clara Velázquez-sánchez et al.
40 citations
ABSTRACT Recent trend assessments of drug consumption reveal an increase in the simultaneous use of several drugs at raves, clubs and college settings among youngsters and young adults. We studied in adolescent rats the effects of repeated exposure to cocaine and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethanphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), given alone or in combination with alcohol, on memory performance, adult...
Addiction Biology
2010
Nora Von Ameln, Andreas Von Ameln‐mayerhofer
14 citations
ABSTRACTDespite the great popularity of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) as a drug of abuse, not much is known about the detailed mechanisms of the acute and subchronic effects of the drug. There is especially a lack of information about the distinct behavioural effects of its optical isomers (enantiomers) R‐ and S‐MDMA compared with the racemic RS‐MDMA. For this purpose,...
Addiction Biology
September 8, 2009
Manuel Daza‐losada, Marta Rodríguez‐arias, María A. Aguilar et al.
37 citations
ABSTRACT Those who take ecstasy are more likely to consume other drugs than non‐users with cocaine abuse being reported by 75.5% of high school student MDMA (± 3,4‐methylenedioxymetamphetamine hydrochloride) users. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of exposure during adolescence to MDMA, cocaine or to both drugs on the MDMA‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult...
Addiction Biology
October 2, 2007
Firas Kobeissy, Jennifer A. Jeung, Matthew Warren et al.
47 citations
ABSTRACT Club drug abuse is a growing problem in the United States. Beyond addiction and toxicity are endocrine effects which are not well characterized. Specifically, the changes in appetite following exposure to drugs of abuse are an interesting but poorly understood phenomenon. Serum hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), and neuropeptide‐Y (NP‐Y) are known to affect...
Addiction Biology
September 1, 2006
David H Overstreet, Amir H Rezvani, Michael Cowen et al.
19 citations
The Fawn-Hooded rat (FH/Wjd) is an inbred alcohol-preferring rat strain, unlike most of the other strains that were selectively bred for high alcohol intake and preference. It was chosen for study some 16 years ago because of a reported mutation that disrupted platelet serotonin function. Although the FH/Wjd rat has high alcohol intake (>5 g/kg/day) and preference (>65%), interbreeding with an...
Addiction Biology
December 1, 2005
Shannon C Miller
As part of a synthesis of evidence regarding the abuse and addiction liability of dextromethorphan (DM), an over-the-counter cough medicine available in over 140 preparations, an uncommonly published case of dextromethorphan dependence (addiction) is described, with specific, rarely published complications. The individual was interviewed and several medical databases were also reviewed...
Addiction Biology
October 1, 2002
Torsten Passie, Juergen Seifert, Udo Schneider et al.
465 citations
Abstract Psilocybin (4‐phosphoryloxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine) is the major psychoactive alkaloid of some species of mushrooms distributed worldwide.These mushrooms represent a growing problem regarding hallucinogenic drug abuse. Despite its experimental medical use in the 1960s, only very few pharmacological data about psilocybin were known until recently. Because of its still growing capacity...
Addiction Biology
July 1, 2000
L A Aerts, M Mallaret, H Rigter
12 citations
Abstract MBDB (N -methyl-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-aminobutane) is the alpha-ethyl homologue of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine). MBDB is metabolized and excreted similarly to MDMA: presumably, the majority of oral MBDB is excreted in urine unmetabolized.The main metabolic routes in man are thought to be O-dealkylation and subsequent methylation, sulphation and glucuronidation of...
Addiction Biology
July 1, 1998
Alan O'Donohoe, Karen O’flynn, Kevin Shields et al.
29 citations
Abstract 3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) has become a major drug of abuse over the last decade. It produces a mixture of systemic and neuropsychological effects. Animal studies show a range of short‐ and long‐term toxic effects, both systemically and neurochemically. In humans, toxicity and death due to the drug have been attributed to a variety of causes, with...