Time occupies a foundational position in the Quran, Islamic philosophy, and Islamic mysticism, and within each tradition it has been analyzed through hierarchical levels such as Zaman (sequential time), Dahr (perpetual time), and Sarmad (eternity).While various Islamic thinkers have proposed classifications of these levels, a precise mapping of Quranic concepts onto their philosophical and...
Pahlavi Medical JournalApril 1, 2026Ali Hossain Ranjbar, Mohammad Ali Goodarzi, Ghasem Kakaei et al.
This study aims to comparatively examine the concept of the perfect human and the means of attaining perfection in the thought of Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Balkhī (Rumi), a Muslim mystic, and Abraham Maslow, a prominent humanistic psychologist.The present research first explores the concept of the perfect human and its defining characteristics in the views of Rumi and Maslow, and subsequently...