KETAMINE VERSUS ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY FOR SEVERE TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF EFFICACY, SPEED OF RESPONSE, COGNITIVE OUTCOMES, AND SAFETY
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research September 29, 2026 Arby Shafara Sekundaputra
Introduction: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects approximately one-third of patients with major depressive disorder and accounts for disproportionate disability and mortality. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has long been the definitive intervention, whereas subanaesthetic intravenous ketamine has emerged as a rapid-acting alternative. Direct head-to-head evidence has accumulated...