This article offers a philosophical and contextual analysis of the metaphor of “wine” in Omar Khayyam’s Rubaiyat, challenging reductive interpretations that associate Khayyam solely with hedonism and secularism. Drawing upon a clearly defined corpus of quatrains authenticated by leading Khayyam scholars, including Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob, Abdolhamid Gheibi, and Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı, the study...