Background: Insomnia is conventionally framed as a clinical and epidemiological burden, yet emerging psychological literature suggests sleep disruption is entangled with death anxiety and mortality salience, where nighttime wakefulness is when the mind's habitual defenses against death-awareness weaken, surfacing existential distress that manifests physiologically as hyperarousal. In Indonesia,...
Background: Psychological capital, comprising hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience, provides a useful framework for understanding how individuals remain purposeful during crises. However, its performance-oriented formulation insufficiently addresses the ethical, metaphysical, and spiritual foundations of human strength. This study examines Arjuna’s transformation from psychological and...
Background: This article examines Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian (SSSK) as an Old Sundanese ethical text that explores the relationship between life, death, and moral order. Unlike eschatological understandings that emphasize only the doctrine of the afterlife, this article interprets the eschatological consciousness in the manuscript as a moral framework that operates through teachings on...