L'Encephale
February 2018
E Bulzacka, S Lavault, A Pelissolo et al.
Mindfulness based interventions (MBI) have recently gained much interest in western medicine. MBSR paradigm is based on teaching participants to pay complete attention to the present experience and act nonjudgmentally towards stressful events. During this mental practice the meditator focuses his or her attention on the sensations of the body. While the distractions (mental images, thoughts,...
L'Encephale
December 2017
M Gasnier, A Pelissolo, Guido Bondolfi et al.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a frequent and severe disease, potentially inducing a major impairment for the patient and burden for their family. Recent research in psychiatry and neuroscience have led to better comprehension of the disease's mechanisms and helped to improve its treatment. However, a large proportion of patients have refractory symptoms, including for traditional...
L'Encephale
August 2017
B Romeo, W Choucha, P Fossati et al.
The aim of this review was to determine the clinical and biological predictors of the ketamine response. A systematic research on PubMed and PsycINFO database was performed without limits on year of publication. The main predictive factors of ketamine response, which were found in different studies, were (i) a family history of alcohol dependence, (ii) unipolar depressive disorder, and (iii)...
L'Encephale
April 21, 2017
E Drouin, T Péréon, Y Péréon
The name of the French neurologist and psychiatrist Jean Lhermitte (1877-1959) is most often associated with the sign he described back in 1927 in three patients with multiple sclerosis. We are reporting unpublished handwritten notes by Jean Lhermitte about 'demonic possession', which date from the 1950s. Drawing from his experiences in neuropsychiatry, Lhermitte gathered notable case reviews...
L'Encephale
April 2016
J F Costemale-Lacoste, J P Guilloux, Raphaël Gaillard
Since the discovery of antidepressants, new treatments have emerged with fewer side effects but no greater efficacy. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β), a kinase known for its activity on glycogen synthesis, has in the last few years raised growing interest in biological psychiatry. Several efficient treatments in major depression have an inhibitory effect on this kinase, which could be...
L'Encephale
December 1, 2015
D Carpentier, L Romo, P Bouthillon-Heitzmann et al.
For several years, the learning of mindfulness has developed in a psychological intervention perspective, particularly in the field of addiction. Presently, the management of addictions with substances is centered on two questions: the motivation in the change of behaviour and in a significant change in alcohol consumption. Concerning alcohol dependence, the evolution of behaviour is variable...
L'Encephale
April 2015
C Hazif-Thomas, F Stephan, M Walter et al.
Negative hallucinations are characterized by a defect in perception of an object or a person, or a denial of the existence of their perception. Negative hallucinations create blank spaces, due to both an impossible representation and an incapability of investment in reality. They have a close relationship with Cotard's syndrome, delusional theme of organ denial observed in melancholic syndromes...
L'Encephale
December 1, 2014
Marion Trousselard, Dominique Steiler, Damien Claverie et al.
The first part of this paper describes the long history of the concept of Mindfulness. Contrary to the belief that Mindfulness only has Buddhist and Hindu origins, it is also rooted in Jewish, Islamic and Christian religions. Furthermore, western philosophers have described a mindful path to become more aware of thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations. Mindfulness can be considered as a...
L'Encephale
December 2012
S Bourgou, S Halayem, A Bouden et al.
Initiating psychiatric treatment depends on several factors including clinical, personal, familial and economic factors. In the case of a first psychotic episode in an adolescent, parents, especially mothers, have a critical role in initiating psychiatric treatment for their child. In this study, we investigated mothers' beliefs about their child's first psychotic episode. Participants were...
L'Encephale
October 2011
Jérôme Graux, Maël Lemoine, P Gaillard et al.
Cenesthesia and cenesthopathy have played a fundamental role in 19th and early 20th century French and German psychiatry. Cenesthesia refers to the internal, global, implicit and affective perception of one's own body. The concept of cenesthopathy was coined by Dupre and Camus in 1907 to describe a clinical entity characterized by abnormal and strange bodily sensations. In this review, we...
L'Encephale
October 2011
S Skanavi, X Laqueille, H-J Aubin
In substance use disorders, the lack of empirically supported treatments and the minimal utilization of available programs indicate that innovative approaches are needed. Mindfulness based therapies have been used in addictive disorders for the last 10years. Mindfulness can be defined as the ability to focus open, non-judgmental attention to the full experience of internal and external...
L'Encephale
December 1, 2010
N Zouari, J Aloulou, M Siala et al.
Case reports: In this study, we will describe three observations of depression "masked" by persecution delirium and/or hallucinations, to illustrate the role that the cultural factor could play in the expression and care of depression. In the first two observations, the persecutor was a group that was apparently difficult to circumscribe: the persecution appeared more important than the...
L'Encephale
December 1, 2009
Y Morvan, J Rouvier, J-P Olié et al.
Introduction: The use of illicit drugs by students and the possible psychological repercussions in this population of young adults is an important public health issue. While some data in the literature suggest a relationship between cannabis and the occurrence of mental health disorders, and in particular psychotic illnesses, epidemiologic surveys have shown that cannabis is the most consumed...