Although brain activity has some similarity during paradoxical sleep and wakefulness, it differs in many aspects. Thalamic and cortical activities, time-locked throughout wakefulness and slow wave sleep, are different during paradoxical sleep, that of the thalamus being in the delta range while that of the cortex being rapid. This decoupling of thalamo-cortical activity may participate to...
Body ownership and embodiment are two fundamental mechanisms of self-consciousness. The present article reviews neurological data about paroxysmal illusions during which body ownership and embodiment are affected differentially: autoscopic phenomena (out-of-body experience, heautoscopy, autoscopic hallucination, feeling-of-a-presence) and the room tilt illusion. We suggest that autoscopic...
The physiological mechanisms that underlie consciousness and unconsciousness are the sleep/wake mechanisms. Deep sleep is a state of physiological reversible unconsciousness. The change from that state to wakefulness is mediated by the reticular activating mechanism. The reverse change from wakefulness to sleep is also an active process effected by an arousal inhibitory mechanism based on a...